Those are completely different things. How long until the sun gets burned down to the point where it cannot sustain life on earth anymore? The sun's spectrum is very complex, and indeed there are a lot of lines—both light and dark (emission and absorption)—amidst a sea of what looks to be continuous frequencies.
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After all, you are orbiting it just like the earth. The sun will last, at its current brightness for 9 billion more years. The sun does not rise, it is the horizon that goes down.
How would you prove to them that earth orbits the sun?
As i asked before, separate. The sun would actually look very small to us in the sky if there were no atmosphere (it's the same. 1) the sun seems brighter (more dazzling) if there is more scattering in the atmosphere. It's consensus that the very similar apparent sizes of the moon and the sun as seen from earth is a coincidence (as already answered in this site).
You don't fly off into space because the earth and you experience the same acceleration due to the. Assume you're talking to someone ignorant of the basic facts of astronomy. The sun's energy comes primarily from fusion of light elements in its core. You say that sun rises in the east (with a certain degree of oscillations due to the tilt of the axis) just because the earth.
Similarly, how would you prove to them.
The sun is keeping you close.
